Lissajous trajectories for lunar global positioning and communication systems

Global Positioning Systems –

Definition Global Positioning System a.k.a. GPS is a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine location (latitude, longitude and altitude) of any point on Earth. The satellite transmits signals which are received on earth by relatively inexpensive receiving device. By calculating the distance between four or more satellites and a receiver, a three-dimensional pos...

'Lissajous-like' trajectories in optical tweezers.

When a microscopic particle moves through a low Reynolds number fluid, it creates a flow-field which exerts hydrodynamic forces on surrounding particles. In this work we study the 'Lissajous-like' trajectories of an optically trapped 'probe' microsphere as it is subjected to time-varying oscillatory hydrodynamic flow-fields created by a nearby moving particle (the 'actuator'). We show a breakin...

New Low Cost Printed Antenna CPW-Fed for Global Positioning System, Personal Communication System and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Band Applications (TECHNICAL NOTE)

This paper presents a new design of a CPW-Fed multi bands planar antenna. This antenna can be integrated easily with passive and active elements. The proposed antenna is suitable to operate for GPS, PCS and WiMAX bands. Its entire area is 52.3x52.6mm2 and is employed on an FR-4 epoxy substrate and fed by a 50 Ohm coplanar line. The antenna parameters have been analyzed and optimized by using AD...

Reconfigurable Systems for Mobile Local Communication and Positioning

Surface modifications with Lissajous trajectories using atomic force microscopy

In this paper, we report a method for atomic force microscopy surface modifications with singletone and multiple-resolution Lissajous trajectories. The tip mechanical scratching experiments with two series of Lissajous trajectories were carried out on monolayer films. The scratching processes with two scan methods have been illustrated. As an application, the tip-based triboelectrification phen...